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5 Ways You’ll Know the Recession is Over

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Record layoffs! Consumer confidence is in the tank! The Dow is trading at its lowest level since 1997!

Scared yet? It seems like everything we read about the economy is either bad or getting worse. The measurements of economic health reveal a patient that requires a stint in the I.C.U. and some time to heal. Luckily, the prognosis isn’t terminal. The American economy is resilient, and since the 1960’s economic growth phases have dwarfed periods of recessions. So if you believe in history, what goes down eventually goes up. The big question is when.

“I think we’ve got at least another 12 months to go,” says Jim Howell, an economics professor at Stanford University’s Graduate School of Business. “If we finish by the end of 2010, that would be a good outcome.”

The problem and solution for the economy revolves around lending and spending. Lending is the lifeblood of the economy, and today the credit markets have slowed due to fears that borrowers won’t pay them back. Without credit, businesses cut back on spending and lay-off workers. Consumers who lose their paycheck stop shopping, forego buying new cars and put their vacations on hold.

Stopping this cycle involves some intervention and some psychological assurances. Forces such as the $787 billion stimulus package are attempts to get the economy flowing again. But the turnaround can’t happen until businesses and consumers feel confident enough to spend.

“When people get a better feeling that we’ve hit bottom… then they’ll change their behavior slowly,” says Howell.

In the meantime, Howell is looking for signs that we’re on the road to recovery. While that day may not arrive for many months, here are his five leading indicators:

1. Bank nationalization

Over the past few weeks, Howell has “reluctantly” endorsed bank nationalization as the solution to thaw out the credit market. He’s not a fan of nationalization, but he does believe drastic measures are needed to fix the system. Before you jump to conclusions and call Howell a socialist, remember that he sees bank nationalization as a temporary and necessary solution not a permanent panacea to the problems of capitalism.

“I want government to take over the banks and throw out all the bankers,” says Howell. “Get rid of all the bad loans and clean up the banks. Then sell them to people who meet some criteria about being reasonably honest.”

2. Confidence in the stock market

Right now the bears are leading the pack and the bulls are on the retreat. Investors are licking their wounds and are skittish to bet on the market. When big investors restore their confidence in the market, you can bet that’s an indicator the tide is turning.

“If you see people with lots of money beginning to dabble in the stock market again, that’s a good sign.”

3. Small businesses

Think small. While lots of attention is focused on large industries such as the automotive industry or the retail sector during a recession, it is actually the viability of small business that can be one of the most important barometers of the health of the overall economy. Just check out main street. Are local businesses closing down? Is your favorite restaurant struggling to fill its tables? A turnaround may be happening “when you see them beginning to pull down their ‘for sale’ signs and begin to advertise,” says Howell.

4. Jobs for college graduates

Yes, unemployment rates are the highest they’ve been in 15 years and every day brings news of another company laying off workers. But the real test of the strength of the job market is whether businesses are recruiting college graduates into their first job. When that happens, you’ll know that they have moved beyond survival mode and are investing in long-term growth.

5. Value of the dollar

How’s the dollar doing against foreign currencies? If it goes up, it probably means the world is beginning to believe that our economy is changing for the better. And if they believe it, then we should too. The world markets are not always right, but “they’re probably right four out of six,” Howell says.

For more of Jim Hu’s writing, visit gloomtoboom

One clue to the cyclical nature of boom and bust can be found in this chart, which indicates how long previous recessions have lasted. While no one is suggesting we just wait it out and strong measures are clearly indicated, we can all take some comfort in the knowledge that time is on our side when it comes to ending the recession.

59 Comments so far

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  1. While that day may not arrive for many months…

    Months?!

    The problem and solution for the economy revolves around lending and spending.

    Well the first part is right. But the solution is in saving and reducing consumer debt. Credit can’t just magically appear out of nothing. Credit is borrowed money. Some of us need to save so that others can borrow. It’s going to be painful for almost all of us, but the alternative is to postpone and magnify the inevitable recession, pushing it ever closer to complete collapse.

  2. To your 5th point. the dollar has actually been increasing in value as the market has gone down. This is probably due to fear about foreign countries defaulting themselves. So im not sure a strong dollar will be a signal of recovery.

  3. Looking at the Expansion and Recession Timeline, the average recession time is 11 months. Currently we’ve been in this recession for about 11 months. This means that we should be at the bottom right now and the only place for the economy to go is up. The longest lasting recession was 16 months, so let’s say it takes us another 5 months (11 + 5 =16 months) before we start to see a rebound in the economy, that’s not that bad. This tells me one thing, that at the latest we should see the economy start to pick up no later than August 2009.

  4. “The lifeblood of the economy is lending”

    No wonder we’re in a recession. Consumer debt is always bad for the economy. The effects of the recession is proof of this.

  5. the stock market also tanked for the 2001 to 2002 recession
    but surprisingly the tech stocks are much higher now. Take Apple, its around 100 dollars a share and in 2002 it was about 5 bucks a share? They now have the iphone but still the p/e value isnt there.

    look at the top 100 tech shares, all in one conglomerate ticker “qqqq” its 27 dollars today, in 2002 it was 19 dollars and change. Compare the data from now to then. We didnt have 27 year record high unemployment in 2002. We didnt have large banks folding. this 2.2 trillion additional debt to bail out.
    GM is talking about bankruptcy.

    Dow and S and P are lower then 2002 but with the news out there we havent seen a wash out yet. I think the qqqq’s will go to near 10 bucks a share and companies that are high in debt will get washed out in the storm. then new companies can arise to take their place in the sun. Saving these greedy bankers who brought about this mess is only prolonging the agony. there needs to be a total wipe out of bad business so smart people can take their place.

  6. I think E is right. A sign of the recovery will be when the dollar goes down, not up. That will mean that all the gov’t spending has hit the economy. Check out Adam Curtis’s Pandora’s Box: The League of Gentlemen episode for what happened to the UK in the 70s. That’s what is about to happen to the US.

  7. Looking at an inflation adjusted Dow chart, we see that the 12 month ‘expansions’ and ‘recessions’ are not entirely accurate.

    America experienced two 20 yr flat or drawn out economic periods within the last 100 years ‘35 on and ‘65 on.

    Several factors point to a long drawn out recession followed by an equally long period of very slow growth.

  8. Chiko –

    I hope you’re right. However, I worry that your comment shows a bit of sloppy thinking, in two ways:

    1. Past performance is not a guarantee of future results. In other words, just because past recent recessions were 16 or fewer months is no guarantee that this one will not be longer.

    2. You may notice that the timeline Jim posted only goes back to 1960. You might have different ideas about how long recessions tend to last if he had extended it back to 1920.

  9. I think you should save fortune telling to someone who at least does some detailed analysis…

    http://market-ticker.denninger.net/archives/689-Where-We-Are,-Where-Were-Heading-2009.html

  10. @Chiko777 – you’re way oversimplifying, it’s not that easy. Don’t assume 5 months from now all will be well, this recession is a little more serious than ones past. Comparison’s to Japan’s lost decade are probably the closest we have, though all are unique.

    @Johanne – Consumer debt is *not* always bad for the economy. Before the creation of modern credit markets, people saved and saved before buying anything.

    That’s good in principle, but in actuality home ownership was far lower back then (for example, how long would it take you to save $200K-$500K depending on where you live), and the inability to borrow meant people and businesses alike had to keep loads of cash on hand to weather rainy days, effectively keeping that capital out of the economy.

    The current credit crisis shows the danger of unchecked borrowing and irresponsible lending, but it is not a sign that all credit is bad. The world as we know it today wouldn’t exist had credit not been available.

    There’s always some risk in borrowing/lending, but that’s the price of playing the game. Unfortunately risk means that sometimes you lose (and our current crisis is an example of losing very badly).

  11. Chiko777, those figures for the duration of previous recessions don’t necessarily apply to this recession because, well, it’s not a normal recession. What makes it infinitely worse is that it’s due in large part to the collapse of the derivatives market. Banks and other financial companies created securitized investments on the mortgages (and many other instruments as well, including credit card debt, checks people wrote, etc.) and sold them to investors. The derivatives are so named because they derive their value from something else. They were wildly over-leveraged, by a factor of up to 30:1. Thus, a company with $1 million dollars of cash reserves could create guarantees for $30 million dollars of these investments. When the basis of the investment (mortgages bundled together, etc.) defaulted, these companies were not able to fulfill their contracts. Not only were they over-leveraged, but any company could make a derivative on any other investment. So, many, many derivatives could be created based upon the same asset. This would be the equivalent of, say, fifteen companies all buying in insurance policy against YOUR house. If your house burns down, all of them would have to pay out its value. The scope and scale of what they did is unimaginable to us. The best estimate is that financial companies and banks made up $43 trillion dollars of derivatives— ten times the amount of all the “real” money in circulation on the planet. Unfortunately, these fictitious dollars melded with real dollars, so loss in the derivatives created loss in real dollars. This has all happened on a scale vastly beyond anything that ever happened in the world before.

  12. zach chen

    if the dollar recovers, then we will have learned nothing.
    how can a nation recover when it has no manufacturing base????? The entire financial system in the US is GONE. game over. This recession is going to turn into a depression. We’re NOT even in the first inning. The real crash, relative to what happened the last 6 months, hasn’t even come yet.

  13. Scoops

    @Chiko777

    People have been saying that this is the worst recession since the great depression, well if I remember correctly the great depression lasted 35 months…

  14. Scoops

    Ya, when I made my post there was only one response after Chiko’s post.

  15. Matt,
    Going back to the 20’s, the longest recession was in fact 16 months and the average was 10 months. His number do appear to be on track for the longer history track to.

    I agree that the “thaw” should come around in mid summer. Luckily the market forward looks about 4-6 months, and has already factored some of the future bad news in. We will probably see unemployment go to 9-10%. What everyone fails to note is when the US is “fully employed” the unemployment number is still 5%. It’s the margin of error if you will that those who create the numbers put in there.

    Jack,
    This time isn’t different and this is a normal recession. There is always some incident that people throw out that “this time its different.” Kennedy Assassination, Pearl Harbor, World War II. There is always something. We adjust for that last “something” and then prepare for the next something when the next recession hits. The market is cyclical any way you look at it.

  16. It will likely be a depression and we won’t come out of it until enough people have paid off enough debt, either doing it the hard way or by devaluing the currency. Since the Obama administration seems to believe the way out of this is to replace all the spending previously done by the private economy by government instead I imagine we’ll have to devalue the currency. There is after all no such thing as a free lunch. Modern economics seems to be about coming up with convoluted ideas about convincing people we can have a free lunch and then scratching their heads when it all falls apart.

    Economics are worse than bankers.

  17. I agree with you on all but the dollar recovery. Right now the dollar has recovered. I have personally gained 56% on all my invested capital thanks to pumping it all into dollar in the middle of july.
    If you look at previous recessions and see what happens before during and after there is a strong and simple trend to observe: When crisis hits people flee to the safe haven; The US Dollar. It is the only currency that is thought to survive anything. When the economy restores people see investment opportunities in smaller currencies and feels hopefull about their domestic currency again.
    This is why I am about to sell the dollar soon. I believe that the dollar will loose about 30-40% of its value by the time this crisis is over.
    Hopefully it does

  18. Sean has a good grip on this, lending is the key. The ability for business to borrow money and use that money to invest and further generate income (and jobs) is the best proof of an economy that is recovering.
    This is why interest rates are so low right now, because any money you borrow/lend is not expected to have a high rate of return.

  19. Sigh.

    The recession has been going on since October of 2007, y’all. That’s the top o’ the market and we’ve been sliding / falling since then.

    There’s really no precedent, outside of 1929-1930, for losing 12 years of stock value in 18 months.

    “August, 2009″ is absurd.
    “2010″ is optomistic.
    “Never” might be more accurate.

  20. Ben Robinson

    Surely the length of the recession is much less important than the amount by which the economy expands or contracts. e.g. 5 years of sustained growth at 3% per year followed by a 2 year recession with a contaction of 0.25% per year is much better than a 5 years of growth at 1% a year and the a six month recession during which the economy contracts by 3%, thus wiping out 60% or so of the last 5 years growth.

  21. Duncan

    To Peter and E –

    While the dollar is strong now, that’s because the European and Japanese economies are extremely weak right now, and therefore their currency is less attractive than the dollar. The hope and expectation is that the US will be the first out of the recession, and if that’s the case, you’ll see the dollar skyrocket, if only temporarily.

  22. These are very simplistic “signs” of a recovery that is at least 2 years away.
    The stock market is not at bottom yet, nor have the housing prices totally bottomed out. The credit card mess has yet to unfold, and millions of people are still going through the first steps of foreclosure.
    All these signs would be encouraging if we were near the end of it-but it hasn’t really sunk into people’s heads that this is not even as bad as it’s going to get.

  23. Duncan

    Oh Zach Chen, it’s because of you that the recession continues to linger. The media and all the naysayers out there are scaring everybody into not spending or hiring. The manufacturing base is not gone — in fact it’s huge. We just need to get money flowing again. The US is actually still the largest manufacturing industry in the world — yes bigger than China. There’s no official distinction for what turns a recession into a depression, but we’re no where near the levels that were seen during the Great Depression. Stop trying to scare everyone into keeping the recession around.

    You, and people like you, are what is wrong with the economy right now.

  24. Andrew G.

    “I want government to take over the banks and throw out all the bankers,” says Howell. “
    I am a simple person. That is to say that I don’t understand most of what the NON simple people are saying here. But the statement I quoted is chilling in it’s implications:
    The government is no more competent than the greedy bankers that CAUSED all of this… To think that giving them control of the banks is going to solve anything is laughable.
    The bottom line is our fractional reserve banking system had a good run but is now out of steam. We can no longer pay the INTEREST on the money we owe. Scrap the whole thing and start over says the simple man.

  25. zach, you do realize that we are still the most productive country and we still lead the world in manufacturing?

    http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_country_has_the_largest_manufacturing_industry_in_the_world

    this is the problem, people simply don’t realize how good of a base our production in this economy really is. i’m a ron paul libertarian, and i agree that overall the system is fubar’d, but the main structure of our economy is still in great shape.

    100 bucks says that the fair tax act would be like a rocket boost into the right direction for fiscal policy. combine that with a balanced budget amendment and a return to the gold standard, this country would be booming like never before. the mid nineties wouldn’t even be able to shake a stick at the kind of economic boom that could be expected.

  26. Legrand

    It’s all about the debt, something mint users should be keyed into.

    If an individual or business wants to spend its way to prosperity, you’d think they were nuts. How is it any different for a nation?

    Our debt ratios are way out of line. Consumers, business, and esp. gov’t. Since the US together with fed control the money base, and are OK with throwing trillions at the problem there is only one outcome- inflation.

    My prediction is lots more pain, ending with the dollar being worth less than half it was in just 10 years, maybe even less. Check out Daniel Amerman’s stuff for the background.

  27. I fail to see any logic behind the data presented. Each recession offers a variety of economic conditions that cause, drive and sustain it. Simply evaluating the durations fails to take into account those factors and the subsequent mitigating factors or events that lead to the recovery from a recession period.

    Time most certainly is on our side as there is a near infinite amount of it. The question, more importantly, is whether or not time will be a mitigating factor for the current crisis. From what I’m reading, previous models don’t adequately describe the current situation or take into account the unprecedented steps that the Federal Government and States are taking.

  28. synapz

    “The lifeblood of the economy is lending”

    This is insane. You can have a perfectly healthy economy without any lending at all. That’s no different than saying “The lifeblood of the economy is gambling”! No different!

    I don’t know how so called economists get away with saying such inane crap. Lifeblood? Man. Lending is an _aspect_ of the economy, not the friggin’ lifeblood of it. If anything is the lifeblood of the economy, it’s productivity.

    My goodness. With idiots like this spouting such stupidity, it’s no wonder our economy is in the crapper.

  29. permabear

    @Chiko777: You’re an idiot.

  30. “Credit can’t just magically appear out of nothing.”

    Yes, it can. That’s exactly how fractional reserve banking works, and why so much debt destruction is so deflationary right now.

    Destruction of debt is destruction of money, which means a contraction of the money supply. Deflation.

    That’s also why the monetary base charts published by the St Louis Fed are so scary – they are trying to inflate like mad to stave off a deflationary death spiral.

    We’re in this for years. Buy food, ammo, and gold while the dollar is strong. “Sell” the dollar – meaning exchange it for durable goods you know you’ll need – high, which is now.

    Good luck –

    Chuck

  31. Matthias

    It is my opinion that the BEST way to look at trends is to take 50 years of economic data, mangle it a bit, simplify it in chart form, and call it a cycle.

    I mean, c’mon, past results ALWAYS indicates future performance.

    Surely the only variables we ever have to work with are ‘a’ and ‘b’… which always add up to ‘c’.

    /sarcasm

  32. I have to agree with some guys about the 5th point. Right now in my country the local currecy has lost value against the dollar and it doesn’t mean that the U.S. recession is over. It’s because investors are taking out their dollars and there are less money in the economy, therefore the price is going up.

  33. Bill Howell

    Jim: you write “Before you jump to conclusions and call Howell a socialist”.

    It’s useful to limit hyperbole when offering advice–even when you’re writing a blog. It takes more (a lot more) than a call for partial nationalization of sick banks to label someone a socialist.

    (Also, to your copy editor, “permanent panacea” does not contrast with “temporary and necessary solution” the way you might think it does.)

  34. Lee Sherman

    Bill, I’m the editor the Mint blog and I added that line to Jim’s piece so I’ll take the blame. Calling for partial nationalization of the banks doesn’t make you a socialist but it is enough to get you labeled as a socialist, especially on the Internet (see some of our previous posts on economics). Just trying to provide some (partial) protection from the angry hordes. Thanks for giving us a great interview.

  35. Michael

    I’m inclinde to agree with Zach. We have destroyed our manufacturing base in favor of a “service oriented”
    base. It’s not that services aren’t of value but everyone
    can’t be in a service. What would we be doing, washing
    each other’s clothes? Our industries turned their backs
    on their employees and the American consumer. I guess they
    thought they could make it big without us. Guess not.

  36. MIke 50

    If your financially sound, right now,this is the absolute best time to be buying stocks. I’m buying stocks, I can’t beleive the bargins. WOW!!
    Oh! and in case you don’t beleive me, and your selling.. good For me the best scenario for me is for the sheep, opps I mean “bears” to keep selling for a little while longer.
    When everyone else is bear-ish, I’m bull-ish.
    I know I’m going to clean up later. I can wait it out!
    Thank you all for your lack of confidance lol..opps did I say that out loud.

  37. Our gov says – too much Lending and borrowing are bad ways to solve problems – and they prove that point by borrowing a trillion bucks – what have you learned?

    c

  38. Realist

    We’re not out of this yet.

    Two words, Alt-A and Option-ARM.

    Nationalizing the banks is worse than letting them go bankrupt. It erodes any amount of investor confidence and is uncompetitive. Why is that so hard to understand?

    Ultimately we will end up, as tax payers, owning controlling stake in those insolvent institutions we don’t already own – but they won’t call it nationalization. What we’re trying to achieve is auctioning them off in pieces without the need for bankruptcy protection, but the feds are ill-equipped to detangle the web of ridiculousness that is Citi. They could waste a decade there and not gain any headway.

    If you want to know when the DOW will bottom, you’re asking the wrong question.

    As an investor, you should be asking; what is the long term viability of the company I am interested in? What is their competitive advantage and does the market price reflect my perceived value?

    P.S. stocks are for suckers.

  39. I don’t care what the economy is like!
    But this is some good insight…
    I look at a down economy as more opportunity myself…

    thanks for the post!

    Dbk

  40. Bilderberg

    Reminds me of a quote by Woodrow Wilson:
    “I am a most unhappy man. I have unwittingly ruined my country. A great industrial nation is controlled by its system of credit. Our system of credit is concentrated. The growth of the nation and all our activities are in the hands of a few men. We have come to be one of the worst ruled, one of the most completely controlled and dominated governments in the world… no longer a government of free opinion, no longer a government by conviction and vote of the majority, but a government by the opinion and duress of small groups of dominant men.”

  41. blindsangamon

    What a total fantasy. During previous recessions we did not have a narcissistic megalomaniac Marxist as president, a zillion retiring baby boomers, the impending bankruptcy of GM, and an eviscerated financial industry. How long has Argentina’s ‘recession’ lasted? Or Zimbabwe’s? When we see the Dow fall to 4000 by May, and 2000 by December, what then? The United States’ will not survive 0bama. He will be remembered as the Gorbachev of America, the leader who caused the collapse of his nation.

  42. Andrew G.

    Yeah Bush the murdering Hitler v2.1 was wwwwaaaaayyyy better than Obambi. They are all criminals. If not actively than through not addressing the core issues.

  43. S.K.Eptic

    While I do appreciate someone trying to be cheerful while the economy spirals downward like a plane in flames, I must point out the basic predicate that this isn’t a normal recession which is caused by an over abundance of inventories. This is what is known as an end of the world scenario, the economy might be likened to a freeway – it functions fine as long as most people do the same thing, follow the same rules, drive the same direction, you know kind of organized. What happens when everybody makes up their own rules? When everybody is going 75 mph and the bridge got sold and shipped to china, guess we are driving on thin air right now, kinda like a cartoon. Gravity has begun to grasp this static model and shake into chaos. The banking system is boned, the banking system is denominated in U.S. currency, therefore the default reserve currency of the world is boned. All the system that function as a result of a viable currency system, stuff like farming, oil production, factories, etc – are disrupted or shut down.

    I’m gonna say, you’ll know the recession is over when no one will no longer accept your U.S. Dollars for anything other than toilet paper. This will be a sign that a new currency or barter system is developing, supplanting what had come before it. This will mean a new economic system is developing. This will mean the recession is over.

    I hope I am completely wrong, but it is raining sh*t in my neighborhood and you can’t get an umbrella to save your life. I have no faith in governments, corporations or currencies, and until we can transcend or transform these instruments we are in a death spiral. Thank you Wall Street for making America a swear word for the next hundred years or so. How many Americans does it take to destroy a world economy?

  44. There is recovery, but no quick recovery of 1 or 2 years. It took all those years of irresponsible actions by so many people, and entities, to bring the economy to its current situation. It’ll take just as long or longer to get out of it. The glass is neither half full nor half empty, it just is.

  45. PoorB4

    The Media is fueling the recession. They’ll only stop when people start tuning out. Then we’ll have a chance at recovery. We do have issues with the economy but when all we hear is how bad things are we stop spending. I’m all for people saving money and cutting costs but when an entire country does so in unison we’re really in trouble.

  46. the light

    Why would an economics professor say “4 out of 6″ instead of “2 out of 3″? If one of his students said that on a test he’d mark the answer wrong. That just bothers me.

  47. Many people are hurting right now. But, c’mon guys…we had to see this one coming? On what sound premise did real estate property values triple in, say, under 5 years? And, to make matters worse, what would make someone think that securities backed by these “smoke and mirrors” mortgages (and other forms of credit) were really secure. This thing was orchestrated, some people made a killing, and many more turned a blind eye to the obvious. The good news is that it’s going to be OK. Life as we once knew it in America with overindulgence, waste and materialism likely won’t return, but how much does one person need anyway?

  48. @Dave – I gotta say I think you’re off the mark on tech stocks & Apple in particular. The companies that are around now have much better financial than those during the tech-bubble. While the banks folding certainly is a negative, and ultimately incredibly large government debt will be too, you’re wrong about high unemployment. It’s actually a positive thing for businesses – it means greater supply of workers and creates downward pressure on salaries.

    To Apple – Apple’s strength right now is largely due to really solid financials. Q4 08, the worst holiday season in almost 40 years saw Apple post it’s best quarterly revenue and earnings ever. It was a $10 billion quarter generating $3.6 billion in cash, and Apple is sitting on $28 billion in cash. I’m not saying this couldn’t change quickly – consumers could finally stop buying higher margin Apple products. But in terms of companies being overvalued or irrationally valued or skating on thin ice, I’d say Apple is in much better shape than most.

  49. Seems that crisis will not recovered in short time. At the east part of the world, crisis in real sectors even just begun now on and situation will be worst up next several months.
    Need good cooperation among nations in the world.

  50. @ blindsangamon,
    Argentina’s recession lasted 3 years. But it was a radically different recession that the current one:
    - Argentina is a developing country.
    - Argentina had large debts denominated in hard currency. In other words, it couldn’t print money to pay its debts.
    - Its main exports were commodities which were in the end of a 25 years secular bear market.
    - It had a currency board (created to fight inflation) which blocked the expansion of credit (the money supply was linked to the amount of reserve currency held by the central bank) and priced Argentina’s exports out of the world (the dollar rose in price against other currencies in the late 90s)
    - Its main trade partner (Brazil) devalued its currency thus extending Argentina’s lack of competitiveness.
    - The neoliberals in charge of government had already sold the country’s most valuable assets (the oil company, the monopolies in telephone and other services, lots of industrial corporations, etc).

    According to your opinion, the USSR was fine and dandy until Gorbachev came to power? And Obama is a marxist and narcissistic?
    Stop listening to hate radio.

    @Bellar,
    You can’t talk about cooperation among nations in the world without scaring someone in the right-wing fringe about world government, new world order and other conspiracy theories. For those nutjobs, multilateralism is an euphemism for world government and elites trying to take over the USA.

    @Smike,
    The stock market isn’t the economy. Take the same time period (1966-1982) and compare GDP growth with the stock market performance. You will be surprised. While the Dow was essentialy flat (w/o dividends reinvested), the economy was growing nicely.
    The stock market measures corporate profits and investor sentiment. Corporate profits are the proxy between the economy and the stock market but it isn’t a reliable indicator.

    @synapz,
    Lending is the lifeblood of capitalism, no matter if you like it or not. Capitalism is first and foremost a financial arrangement of things; the owners of property and means of productions are those who have financial claims on them with different levels of seniority, responsibility (equity holders are entitled to run/use the property and accumulate the profits and debt holders receive interest) and priority in the event of liquidation (debt holders are paid first and equity holders get the remnants). Credit is based on trust and trust is enforced by the rule of law.

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